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Power-to-X (PtX) technology

harnesses surplus energy from wind and solar sources and converts it into CO2-neutral ammonia, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas.​

In Skhira, Tunisia, TerraWatt is set to build the world’s first dynamic PtX plant. This pioneering facility will feature an innovative process for producing green ammonia, including a cutting-edge approach to stabilizing energy supply through ammonia-powered turbines. This project will serve as a benchmark for future industrial-scale initiatives, developed in partnership with leading industry players.​

Our project is distinguished by its exclusive reliance on renewable energy. The plant will be powered by  a substantial solar park, which will generate the electricity required for converting into liquid green ammonia.

By 2028, the Skhira plant is projected to produce 92,000 tons of green ammonia annually, significantly reducing CO2 emissions. This PtX technology is vital for achieving both Tunisian and European climate objectives. The Skhira facility represents the first in a series of planned projects, positioning Tunisia at the forefront of PtX technology and making a substantial contribution to global sustainability efforts.​

Green ammonia - Production process

Definition

Green ammonia refers to ammonia produced using renewable energy sources (such as Wind, solar, or hydropower) instead of traditional fossil fuels. it is considered a sustainable and low-carbon alternative. 

In carbon-neutral ammonia production, the use of fossil fuels is eliminated, further minimizing the carbon footprint and contributing to global efforts to combat climate change. This makes green ammonia a key player in the transition toward more sustainable industrial processes, especially in agriculture and energy storage.

Electrolysis 

Electrolysis is a key process in green ammonia production, where water (H₂O) is split into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) using electrical energy. In this method, an electric current is passed through water in an electrolyser, causing the water molecules to break apart. This process typically takes place in two parts: at the cathode, where hydrogen ions gain electrons to form hydrogen gas, and at the anode, where water molecules lose electrons to release oxygen gas.

When powered by renewable energy sources like wind, solar, or hydropower, the electrolysis process produces clean hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide.

Air separation 

 is an essential process in green ammonia production, involving the extraction of nitrogen (N₂) from the air for use in ammonia synthesis. It begins with compressing ambient air to increase its pressure. The compressed air is then cooled to very low temperatures, causing it to condense into a liquid form.
 
This liquid air undergoes fractional distillation, where it is separated into its primary components—oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), and argon (Ar)—based on their different boiling points. Nitrogen, which has the lowest boiling point among these components, is then collected and further purified to remove any residual oxygen or impurities.

The purified nitrogen is stored and used in the Haber-Bosch process, where it is combined with hydrogen to produce ammonia (NH₃).